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Abstract: In the world of Mexican poetry of the 20th and 21st centuries an intense melancholy can be seen. Poets such as Ramon López Velarde, Xavier Villaurrutia, Efraín Huerta, Jaime Labastida, Francisco Hernández or Marco Antonio Campos, among others, may be clearly set into this poetic mode. Each one of these authors has dealt with one or several of the many expressions related to melancholy, from tedium to erotic impulse, patriotic passion or more often, anguish provoked by illness, suicide and death. Given my belief that Jaime Sabines’work springs from melancholic humor, particularly from some of its symptoms described in philosophy, sociology or anthropology, and since this may explain his retreat from writing quite a few years before his death, this article approaches Sabines´ poetry taking into account some of the most relevant and well-known studies on melancholy (Agamben, Bartra, Paz, Castro Santiago or Arancibia). Resumen: En el mapa de la poesía mexicana de los siglos XX y XXI se aprecia una intensa presencia del carácter melancólico. En esta línea podrían ubicarse Ramón López Velarde, Xavier Villaurrutia, Efraín Huerta, Jaime Labastida, Francisco Hernández o Marco Antonio Campos, entre otros. Cada uno de estos autores ha poetizado algunas de las múltiples caras de la tristeza, desde el tedio y el abatimiento hasta la exacerbación erótica, la pasión patriótica o, más frecuentemente, la angustia por la enfermedad, el suicidio y la muerte. Dada mi convicción de que la obra de Jaime Sabines es fruto del humor melancólico –en particular de algunas de las manifestaciones de éste descritas desde la filosofía, la sociología y la antropología– y puesto que puede explicar su casi completa renuncia a la creación poética bastantes años antes de su muerte, este trabajo lee al autor chiapaneco a la luz de algunos destacados estudios sobre la melancolía (Agamben, Bartra, Paz, Castro Santiago o Arancibia).

The long and labyrinthine process that Latin America has undergone in its way towards democracy has been marked by the same confrontations and quarrels present throughout the Western intellectual history, which have sometimes been expressed as a fight between "ideas and emotions." In Latin America, this intellectual quarrel may be described in Julio Cortazar’s terms, as a struggle between "Baroque cronopios" versus "Gothic fames," or as a war between two cultures: "that of blood and that of ink," echoing the erosion of the great theories and traditional ideologies. Thus, in the wake of the political and cultural developments resulting from globalization, the Latin American democratic transitions, and the fall of the socialist bloc, we know that we are witnessing the end of an era, but we cannot yet define the new age. This article ponders, thus, what the revival of romantic views and emotions may mean at the beginning of the 21st century. Mexico, in particular, faces a major political and cultural challenge, resulting from the fact that the Mexican society is still immersed in the culture of the Revolution’s nationalism. The perennial struggle between ideas and emotions has become manifest again in the form of a dilemma between attaching to an identity in crisis and trying to reconstruct it, or rather looking ahead with the aim of creating a new democratic civic culture. [P1] Tras los desarrollos políticos y culturales derivados de la globalización, las transiciones democráticas en América Latina y la desaparición del bloque socialista, sabemos que estamos ante el fin de una época, pero aún no podemos definir los nuevos tiempos. A partir de ello, este artículo reflexiona sobre lo que puede significar el retorno de algunas visiones y emociones románticas a comienzos del siglo XXI. En particular, México tiene frente a sí un gran reto político y cultural, que parte del hecho de que su sociedad sigue inmersa en la cultura del nacionalismo revolucionario. Se presenta, así, como nueva expresión de esa perenne lucha entre ideas y emociones, la disyuntiva de dirigir los sentimientos a una identidad en crisis e intentar reconstruirla, o bien mirar hacia adelante para darle vida a una nueva cultura cívica democrática.

Emisión del programa Metrópolis titulado South Graff. Pintando la voz del barrio. El programa Metrópolis invita al experto e investigador en graffiti y arte urbano Fernando Figueroa a que seleccione una serie de proyectos en los que artistas procedentes del graffiti han dado voz a sus barrios, dignificando estos espacios desde la creatividad colectiva y desde la convivencia.

There is a need to create a documentation system adapted to facilitate the conservation and restoration of Street Art and Graffiti. Even though they are ephemeral manifestations of art, there have been some signs of the need for preservation mechanisms that would respect their own special features. For selected works we must establish a procedure that enables their preservation with the highest guarantee.

En fechas recientes descubrí términos útiles para la investigación que realizo: la literatura transatlántica, utilizada en los estudios iberoamericanos, y la ecología de la literatura, usada en estudios de literatura comparada. El primer término se refiere a las afinidades y choques continuos que tienen autores capaces de navegar en varias lenguas y culturas, tal es el caso de Jorge Eduardo Eielson. De origen peruano, Eielson vivió gran parte de su vida en Europa, concretamente en Francia e Italia, aunque visitaba Perú más o menos regularmente y viajó brevemente a Estados Unidos. Todo lo anterior resulta útil si se piensa que los poemas y las instalaciones emblemáticas de Eielson encierran la fusión de culturas marginales: los quipus (nudos en quechua) rinden homenaje a las culturas precolombinas oriundas del Perú, pero también son consecuencia de una marcada influencia oriental, particularmente de las lecciones taoístas y algunas referencias anticonceptuales del budismo zen. Sorprende aún más saber que las lecciones de Oriente parecen haber llegado vía Estados Unidos, gracias a la New York School.

The article presents the celebrated peleja (verse exchange) between Inácio da Catingueira and Romano da Mãe d'Água in the Brazilian North-East. The polemic peleja de cordel (a kind of chapbook), which evokes a poetic contest that allegedly took place in 1874 or 1875 in Recife, is regarded as the first of a kind that forms one of the most important phases in Brazilian cordel literature. On the one side stands a slave poet and on the other a landowner; each aims to defend and to characterize the race and social class to which he belongs. The article aims to demonstrate the influence of scientific thinking in popular literature, particularly with regard to ethnic and cultural miscegenation.

Resumen:El presente artículo propone el examen de cuatro categorías y cuatro paradojas de la experiencia política moderna, que a partir de su problematicidad y significación, pudieran ser repensadas y reinscritas en una «concepción trágica de lo político». Primera paradoja: La «comunidad» se quiere y no se alcanza. Segunda paradoja: la tragedia deviene «sentido trágico». Tercera paradoja: Gubernamentalidad biopolítica: queriendo libertad, la niega. Cuarta paradoja. «melancolía»: despotencia que en su retiro, deviene fuerza.Palabras clave: Comunidad, Tragedia, Biopolítica, Melancolía*******************************************************************Community, tragedy and melancholia: Study for a tragic conception of the PoliticsAbstractThe present article proposes the examination of four categories and four paradoxes of modern politics experience, which as low as their quandary and signification could be re-thought and registered en a “tragic conception of the politics”. Firs paradox: The “community” is wanted but not reached. Second paradox: the tragedy becomes “tragic sense”. Third paradox: Bio-politics government: wishing liberty, it is denied. Fourth paradox: “melancholia”: de strengthen that in its leaving becomes force.Key words: Community, tragedy, bio-politics, melancholia. *********************************************************Comunidade, Tragédia e Melancolia: Estudo para uma ConcepçãoTrágica do PolíticoResumoO presente artigo propõe o exame de quatro categorias e quatro paradoxos da experiência política moderna, que a partir de sua problematicidade e significação, puderam ser repensadas e reinscritas numa «concepção trágica do político». Primeiro paradoxo: a «comunidade» se quer e não se consegue. Segundo paradoxo: a tragédia devem «sentido trágico». Terceiro paradoxo: Governamentalidade biopolítica: querendo liberdade, a nega. Quarto paradoxo. «melancolia»: dês-potência que no seu retiro, devem força.Palavras chave: Comunidade, tragédia, biopolítica, melancolia.

La Realtà Aumentata è una nuova forma di comunicazione sempre più diffusa che permette di sovrapporre contenuti digitali, resi visibili attraverso la videocamera di dispositivi mobile come smartphone o tablet, al mondo reale. Il volume vuole essere uno strumento d'informazione per conoscere la nuova frontiera della comunicazione digitale basata sulla georeferenziazione e sui contenuti aumentati. Fino ad oggi, infatti, l'informazione stava altrove rispetto ai luoghi e ai tempi in cui effettivamente era necessaria. Con la nuova tecnologia dell'Augmented Reality, al contrario, è possibile mettere in atto strategie di comunicazione in grado di portare i contenuti giusti al momento e nel luogo opportuno. Nelle aree ormai più varie, dalla formazione alla sanità, dagli spazi commerciali ai beni culturali, si racconta attraverso le esperienze internazionali più significative come le nuove Realtà Aumentate stanno riscrivendo le modalità di ibridazione fra reale e virtuale.

A medio camino entre el centro barroco de La Habana y las playas situadas al este de la ciudad que anteceden al esplendor de Varadero, la barriada de Alamar forma parte del municipio de La Habana del Este: una ciudad dentro de la ciudad, separada de La Habana Vieja por un túnel tras el cual empieza un mundo que el yuma (término despectivo del argot callejero que designa al turista o al extranjero) tiene pocas posibilidades de contemplar como no sea por la ventanilla de uno de esos taxis que recorren sin paradas el espacio comprendido entre el centro y la costa. Cien mil habitantes divididos en veinticinco barrios construidos entre los años setenta y la mitad de la década de los ochenta. Alamar es la antítesis de esa Habana Vieja disneyficada, con sus calles coloniales y su flujo ininterrumpido de turistas: un tiempo y un espacio dilata-dos, edificios racionalistas separados por unas fluidas arterias que conectan los diferentes barrios, espacios agrícolas, un río, vastas áreas militares en desuso, una decrépita y decadente fachada litoral cubierta de hormigón desde la que se vislum-bran las diferentes áreas y etapas de la zona. Una zona que es la plasmación física del diseño y del fracaso de la Utopía, una vasta Unité d'habitation reproducida a gran escala y en la actualidad deshaciéndose poco a poco por la falta de mantenimiento, infraestructuras, servicios comunitarios, comunicaciones y transporte. Una metáfora perfecta de las paradojas y singularidades de Cuba: la instalación abstracta del modelo socialista (y de su fracaso) en una realidad caribeña hecha de lentitud, relaciones y mestizaje. La expansión urbana de la capital cubana llegó a su culmen y al máximo de su decadencia en esta zona, construida por las Microbrigadas, unos grupos de hombres traídos por el gobierno para edificar uno de los proyectos de urbanización de viviendas sociales más imponentes del país. Un periodo constructivo que quedó interrumpido por la crisis econó-mica que siguió a la caída del Muro de Berlín y a la disolución de la URSS (Periodo especial').

First of all, PICHACAO; is not graffiti. It is something distinct that only happens in Brazil. What a subversion is to sign the city with your own made-up name, especially a city that seems not to be projected for you? Lights, Ca...

During the twentieth century, two movements in Cuban art played a critical role in creating an expanded space for societal debate and cultural expression: the artistic avant-garde and the Afro-Cuban movement. Initially flourishing in the late 1920s and early 1930s, these collective efforts took on new forms in the changed environment after 1959. After the Revolution, conditions for cultural production changed with the official position that art should serve ideological functions, but both avant-garde and Afro-Cuban production continued, at the risk of conflict with the state. In the face of a restrictive state that sought to control such expressions, the Afro-Cuban movement and avant-garde art collectives developed along parallel, and sometimes intersecting, lines.

Centred around Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, this paper employs a critical globalisation theory framework to argue that the 1990s notion of ‘changing the world from below', understood as resistance to capitalist globalisation through a ‘transnational civil society', requires re-theorisation in the light of the contemporary developments in Our America. I make a methodological case for a neo-Gramscian approach to argue that ‘counter-hegemony', together with an adequate theorisation of the state and power, should be the preferred concept over the inherently apolitical and under-theorised ‘alter-globalisation'. Whilst the alter-globalisation movement's ideational and normative challenges to hegemony (captured in ex-British prime minister Thatcher's There-Is-No-Alternative-Doctrine, TINA) are undisputed, the transformation of the global geographies of power through local actors alone has remained illusory. Rather, the experience of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples' Trade Agreement (ALBA-PTA) strongly suggests that counter-hegemonic globalisation theory will have to consider the roles of both the ‘state-in-revolution' and the ‘transnational organised society'. This will be shown through the analysis and theorisation of the ALBA-PTA as a multi dimensional inter and transnational counter-hegemonic regionalisation and globalisation project that operates across a range of sectors and scales.

Professionalization and political engagement are usually placed as incompatible in the case of journalism and the mainstream press, resulting in an identification of cultural resistance exclusively with alternative/amateur vehicles. I will use the concept of journalistic field as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to review these assumptions and discuss a form of political resistance that acts in one's own area of knowledge, is not overtly political and whose effects are not immediately accountable for. Drawing examples from my research on two literary newspapers published in the 1950s in Brazil and Uruguay, this paper will focus on the implications of didacticism for literary criticism as a genre of newswriting. The analysis of these newspapers will lead to a reflection on two main issues: a) the conflict between the professionalization and democratization of literature; and b) the definition of resistance as necessarily an action that is against something. The article will reconsider education in journalism as a form of resistance, taking into account its risks of becoming political indoctrination and commercial manipulation, but emphasizing its potential as a way of expanding access to literature.

This article analyses a range of discourses articulated around the figure of the film archive between the late nineteenth and the early twenty-first centuries, accounting for the various possibilities that they open up for considering audiovisual heritage as a potential space either for revolutionary change or for political or textual resistance. Focused mainly on archival discourses in Mexico, the article traces their interaction with both national-historical and anti-imperialist narratives, and the implications of digital and online culture for the encounter between the archiving of film and resistance. It accounts for the position of the archive in negotiations between state and private capital and spaces of artistic autonomy, and for the relationships between the archive, modernity, postmodernity and the notion of posterity.

Leggeremo ancora, forse leggeremo più di prima, allo stesso modo e diversamente, ma qualcosa cambierà nelle nostre abitudini, inequivocabilmente. La diffusione degli strumenti elettronici per la scrittura, la lettura e la comunicazione ha portato a una vera e propria "esplosione testuale": oggi viviamo letteralmente immersi nei testi, li scriviamo, li scambiamo, li stampiamo, li leggiamo su carta, su schermi piccoli e grandi. Ma non è una semplice questione di quantità. Il rapporto con il testo si è modificato profondamente con i supporti digitali. Si legge, si scrive, si pubblica in spazi, tempi e modi mai sperimentati prima. I testi ora si possono leggere ma anche ascoltare, guardare, toccare; si possono attraversare sfuggendo alla lettura lineare; si possono scrivere collettivamente in modo interattivo; si possono mescolare alla realtà in forme inedite di testualità aumentata. Questo libro offre un’illuminante esplorazione delle nuove forme di testualità, di scrittura, di lettura e di pubblicazione, collocando la riflessione in una prospettiva storica. Partendo dall’analisi della tradizione, l’autrice ci guida attraverso considerazioni e sviluppi tecnologici, intuizioni di geniali visionari e abitudini quotidiane, ripresa di forme comunicative e sperimentazioni di un futuro che possiamo solo intravedere. Il testo digitale 1 Presentazione 10 Introduzione 16 Capitolo 1 - Tutti i testi del mondo / 1.1 E-text 18 1.2 Testo/scrittura 22 1.3 Il testo da ascoltare 27 1.4 Un mondo da leggere 30 1.5 Il testo come intenzione comunicativa 34 1.6 Dialogare con il lettore 35 1.7 Il testo come oggetto 38 1.8 Il testo senza materia 40 Capitolo 2 - Il testo per pensare / 2.1 Scrittura e conoscenza 44 2.2 Appunti, commenti, note 46 2.3 Le mappe del testo 51 2.4 Scritture di servizio 54 2.5 Testi in gestazione 58 2.6 Le grammatiche invisibili 64 2.7 Opere aperte 68 Capitolo 3 - Leggere l'alfabeto / 3.1 Leggere libri 72 3.2 Breve storia del testo a stampa 78 3.3 Le parti del testo 83 3.4 Impaginato e pagine 86 3.5 Caratteri 90 3.6 Tra passato e presente 94 3.7 Caratteri liquidi e testi aumentati 97 Capitolo 4 - Testi da guardare / 4.1 Immersi nel testo 102 4.2 Libri illustrati e affini 107 4.3 Immagini da leggere 113 4.4 Leggere le immagini 117 4.5 Audio 122 4.6 Multimedia 128 4.7 Digital storytelling 132 4.8 Magic text 136 Capitolo 5 - Testi da esplorare / 5.1 Navigare tra le pagine 140 5.2 Scritture ipertestuali 143 5.3 La Rete, ipertesto per eccellenza 148 5.4 Alla ricerca di informazioni 152 5.5 Fidarsi di ció che si legge 156 5.6 Testi a scoperta 160 5.7 Il testo di studio 164 Capitolo 6 - Testi condivisi / 6.1 Leggere insieme 170 6.2 Scrivere insieme 173 6.3 Strumenti per la scrittura collaborativa 177 6.4 Esperienze di testi a piú mani 179 Capitolo 7 - I proprietari del testo / 7.1 Autori 184 7.2 Editori 191 7.3 Lettori 195 7.4 Collezionisti e biblioteche 199 Conclusioni - ebook: leggere senza pagine 204 Bibliografia 214 La relación con el texto se ha modificado profundamente desde que el mundo se ha vuelto digital: se lee, se escribe, nos vemos y escuchamos en espacios, tiempos y modos que nunca fueron experimentados hasta ahora. Hoy los textos pueden ser leídos, pero también escuchados. Podemos escribir colectivamente en modo interactivo y se pueden mezclar a la realidad en formas inéditas de textualidad aumentada.

Cardboard is hardly a material we associate with new media or digital technology in general. And yet in considering a series of recent editorial projects in several Latin American cities—editorial projects whose last name is always Cartonera and whose defining attribute is a trash aesthetic of hand-painted books made from recycled cardboard—it seems difficult to avoid confronting the present media ecology characterized by these technologies. These editorials produce, on some level, a kind of ‘‘new media,’’ although the mere novelty of their enterprise is only the most superficial of their affiliations with this concept. On the contrary, it seems clear to me that these projects also enact a form of production that should be interrogated within a discussion of the forms of sociality associated with new media and the politico-economic landscape they inhabit and condition.

Empreendendo uma análise profunda de três romances representativos da literatura latino-americana recente, Diana Klinger aborda dois elementos fundamentais presentes na ficção contemporânea: a presença marcante da primeira pessoa, em que se identificam aspectos de discurso autobiográfico, e uma perspectiva afastada sobre o outro, caracterizando uma literatura que atravessa fronteiras culturais. Escritas de si, escritas do outro constitui, portanto, obra fundamental para a compreensão das novas tendências da ficção contemporânea e, notadamente, da produção literária latino-americana da atualidade.

(1992). Argentina's secret poetry boom. Travesia: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 178-184.

La defensa ideológica del carácter del mexicano con sus ecos coloniales, los sentimientos románticos entrelazados a la gesta patria y el progreso, los resabios religiosos, la inconformidad de escritores, artistas e intelectuales que experimentan la melancolía cosmopolita se impusieron con la fuerza de lo fundacional.