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Abstract: In the world of Mexican poetry of the 20th and 21st centuries an intense melancholy can be seen. Poets such as Ramon López Velarde, Xavier Villaurrutia, Efraín Huerta, Jaime Labastida, Francisco Hernández or Marco Antonio Campos, among others, may be clearly set into this poetic mode. Each one of these authors has dealt with one or several of the many expressions related to melancholy, from tedium to erotic impulse, patriotic passion or more often, anguish provoked by illness, suicide and death. Given my belief that Jaime Sabines’work springs from melancholic humor, particularly from some of its symptoms described in philosophy, sociology or anthropology, and since this may explain his retreat from writing quite a few years before his death, this article approaches Sabines´ poetry taking into account some of the most relevant and well-known studies on melancholy (Agamben, Bartra, Paz, Castro Santiago or Arancibia). Resumen: En el mapa de la poesía mexicana de los siglos XX y XXI se aprecia una intensa presencia del carácter melancólico. En esta línea podrían ubicarse Ramón López Velarde, Xavier Villaurrutia, Efraín Huerta, Jaime Labastida, Francisco Hernández o Marco Antonio Campos, entre otros. Cada uno de estos autores ha poetizado algunas de las múltiples caras de la tristeza, desde el tedio y el abatimiento hasta la exacerbación erótica, la pasión patriótica o, más frecuentemente, la angustia por la enfermedad, el suicidio y la muerte. Dada mi convicción de que la obra de Jaime Sabines es fruto del humor melancólico –en particular de algunas de las manifestaciones de éste descritas desde la filosofía, la sociología y la antropología– y puesto que puede explicar su casi completa renuncia a la creación poética bastantes años antes de su muerte, este trabajo lee al autor chiapaneco a la luz de algunos destacados estudios sobre la melancolía (Agamben, Bartra, Paz, Castro Santiago o Arancibia).
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A visibilidade da poesia de cordel esteve, tradicionalmente, associada às imagens masculinas, dotadas de discursos conservadores. O que não significa que as mulheres estavam ausentes deste universo literário, mas seus trabalhos não alcançavam a mesma projeção daqueles produzidos pelos homens. Apesar de, atualmente, termos proposto reflexões acerca da representatividade das mulheres em eventos, feiras, publicações e o reconhecimento da importância das poesias feitas por mulheres, ainda há constantes referências às mulheres de forma estigmatizada nos folhetos – nos versos, nas capas, nas palestras…
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Neste artigo, através de uma análise das formas e dos conteúdos de várias pelejas brasileiras, selecionadas de entre muitas centenas de folhetos de cordel, procuramos mostrar de que modo aí se apresentam e confrontam homens e mulheres; e procuramos, ainda, compreender o lugar deste género textual na (re)construção da sociedade brasileira (e não só).
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En fechas recientes descubrí términos útiles para la investigación que realizo: la literatura transatlántica, utilizada en los estudios iberoamericanos, y la ecología de la literatura, usada en estudios de literatura comparada. El primer término se refiere a las afinidades y choques continuos que tienen autores capaces de navegar en varias lenguas y culturas, tal es el caso de Jorge Eduardo Eielson. De origen peruano, Eielson vivió gran parte de su vida en Europa, concretamente en Francia e Italia, aunque visitaba Perú más o menos regularmente y viajó brevemente a Estados Unidos. Todo lo anterior resulta útil si se piensa que los poemas y las instalaciones emblemáticas de Eielson encierran la fusión de culturas marginales: los quipus (nudos en quechua) rinden homenaje a las culturas precolombinas oriundas del Perú, pero también son consecuencia de una marcada influencia oriental, particularmente de las lecciones taoístas y algunas referencias anticonceptuales del budismo zen. Sorprende aún más saber que las lecciones de Oriente parecen haber llegado vía Estados Unidos, gracias a la New York School.
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Artes poéticas mexicana (de los Contemporáneos a la actualidad) nace de la necesidad de abordar un aspecto esencia a la hora de acercarnos a la poesía, el estudio, el análisis detallado de aquellos poemas en los que los escritores, en este caso mexcianos, intentan dilucidar y en ocasiones exponer su postura ante el hecho poeético, y ello desde una perspectiva que sin duda es fruto de toda una tradición pero a la que se acude para registrar una visión candente de la poesía. Este volumen parte de un estudio general, panorámico, en el que se analizan las diferentes propuestas metapoéticas desde los Contemporáneos hasta las últimas tendencias. A esta primera aportación le siguen estudios específicos de las artes poéticas de algunos poetas (Xavier Villaurrutia, Jorge Cuesta, Gilberto Owen, Octavio Paz, Efraín Huerta, Rosario Castellanos, Jaime Sabines, Gabriel Zaid, José Emilio Pacheco, Hormero Aridjis, Francisco Hernández, Alberto Blanco, Vicente Quirarte, Julián Herbert; y una reflexión sobre poesía mexicana reciente a partir del estudio de los metapoemas de algunas poetas), muestra de la buena salud de la que las artes poéticas siguen gozando en México. El lector podrá comprobar en estas páginas cómo con el paso de los años la concepción de lo poético ha ido variando y aportando nuevas formas de entender aquello que podríamos denominar la esencia de la poesía desde la misma poesía.
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The published works of Andi Nachon (Buenos Aires, 1970) comprise more than half a dozen single-authored collections of poetry, inclusion in several recent anthologies, and her own anthology of Argentine women poets. Her name appears in articles and works on recent poetry from Argentina, as in Diana Bellessi’s La pequeña voz del mundo. She also gives frequent readings on the Buenos Aires poetry circuit. Her work, though, lacks a sustained critical study. This is surprising. Nachon’s poetry occupies, in form and technique, a space between the dominant trends of 80s and 90s poetry – broadly speaking, the neobarroco and objectivismo – whilst her themes take in contemporary pop culture, political memory and resistance, and what might be termed the psychogeography of the city. Ambiguity – of subject or narrative position; of syntax; of geographical or physical position; and of gender – characterizes much of her work. For these and other reasons, a detailed reading of a selection of poems from throughout her career is somewhat overdue. This paper sets out to examine a number aspects of her poetry: the context from which her earliest work emerges; its development of novel forms of address, in relation to comparable near-contemporary poets; explorations of space, including a form of psychogeography, in both her early collections and her volume Taiga (2000); the subtle political engagements found in her poetry, including a later collection Plaza real (2004); before looking at her most recent poetry and its interaction with non-poetic forms. Questions of the lyric and what has been called by Baltrusch and Lourido (2012) and Casas (2012), amongst others, “non-lyric poetry”, are central to these analyses.
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The article presents the celebrated peleja (verse exchange) between Inácio da Catingueira and Romano da Mãe d'Água in the Brazilian North-East. The polemic peleja de cordel (a kind of chapbook), which evokes a poetic contest that allegedly took place in 1874 or 1875 in Recife, is regarded as the first of a kind that forms one of the most important phases in Brazilian cordel literature. On the one side stands a slave poet and on the other a landowner; each aims to defend and to characterize the race and social class to which he belongs. The article aims to demonstrate the influence of scientific thinking in popular literature, particularly with regard to ethnic and cultural miscegenation.
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Poetry began as a spoken art and remains one to this day, but readers tend to view the poem on the page as an impenetrable artifact. This book examines the performance of poetry to show how far beyond the page it can travel. Exploring a range of performances from early twentieth-century recitations to twenty-first-century film, CDs, and Internet renditions, Beyond the Page offers analytic tools to chart poetry beyond printed texts.Jill S. Kuhnheim, looking at poetry and performance in Spanish America over time, has organized the book to begin with the early twentieth century and arrive at the present day. She includes noteworthy poets and artists such as José Martí, Luis Palés Matos, Eusebia Cosme, Nicomedes Santa Cruz, Pablo Neruda, César Vallejo, and Nicolás Guillén, as well as very recent artists whose performance work is not as well known. Offering fresh historical material and analysis, the author illuminates the relationship between popular and elite cultural activity in Spanish America and reshapes our awareness of the cultural work poetry has done in the past and may do in the future, particularly given the wide array of technological possibilities. The author takes a broad view of American cultural production and creates a dialogue with events and criticism from the United States as well as from Spanish American traditions.Oral and written elements in poetry are complementary, says Kuhnheim, not in opposition, and they may reach different audiences. As poetry enjoys a revival with modern media, performance is part of the new platform it spans, widening the kind of audience and expanding potential meanings. Beyond the Page will appeal to readers with an interest in poetry and performance, and in how poetry circulates beyond the page. With an international perspective and dynamic synthesis, the book offers an innovative methodology and theoretical model for humanists beyond the immediate field, reaching out to readers interested in the intersection between poetry and identity or the juncture of popular-elite and oral-written cultures.
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La guaracha, como otras manifestaciones de la cultura oral americana, no ha recibido una justa atención crítica, a pesar de ser un género destacadísimo en la producción popular de Cuba y el Caribe, carencia que este trabajo pretende paliar. Enraizada en el cruce de las tradiciones culturales indígena, hispana y africana, y ligada al proverbial choteo cubano, la guaracha ha recorrido un largo trayecto desde sus inicios en el teatro bufo hasta hoy, fundiéndose con otras modalidades lírico-musicales como muestra de su versatilidad y capacidad de adaptación a los tiempos. Se ilustran las características poéticas de este género a través del análisis de algunas letras de Faustino Oramas "El guayabero", quien alcanzó una notable popularidad en toda Cuba a finales del siglo XX. Similar to other manifestations of oral tradition in American culture, the guaracha has not received its deserved attention from critics, despite being an incredibly prominent genre of popular production in Cuba and the Caribbean. It is this lack of attention that this article intends to remedy. Rooted in the intersection of Indigenous, Hispanic, and African cultures and bound to the proverbial Cuban banter, the guaracha has journeyed from its beginnings in the bufo theatre to its current merging with other lyrical-musical forms, demonstrating its versatility and ability to adapt with the times. Through analyses of lyrics by Faustino Oramas – also known as "The guayabero" – who reached noteworthy popularity throughout Cuba at the end of the 20th century, the poetic characteristics of the genre shine through.
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This article explores the semantic implications of the concept of tedio through a comparative analysis of Rosalia de Castro´s novel, Flavio, and Edgar Allan Poe’s tale, «The Man of the Crowd». Like spleen and ennui, hispanic tedio is an emotional concept inseparable from the industrial dynamic of the modern city. In this sense, it can be read as a symptom of the profound modification of aesthetic and sociological aspects of narrative which took place in the second half of the XIX century.
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Tomam-se como corpora três folhetos de literatura de cordel para discutir sobre os modos de construção do conceito de identidade política, sua relação com a memória social e discursiva, os discursos repetíveis, os deslizamentos e as subversões de sentido. A análise de discurso considera que a identidade é um movimento que se faz na história e que, por isso, dá-se entre unidade e dispersão: refere-se às posições do sujeito, as chamadas identidades de posicionamento, e às suas filiações aos interdiscursos. O suporte teórico respalda-se em autores, tais como Michel Pêcheux, Dominique Maingueneau, Roberto DaMatta, Karina Kuschnir e Max Weber, que contribuem com reflexões pertinentes sobre o conceito de identidade política. Abstract: Three papers of the cordel literature were taken as "corpora" in order to discuss about the ways of building the concept of political identity, its relation with the social and discursive memories, with the repeatable discourses, with the slides and with the subversions of the senses. The discourse analysis considers that the identity is a movement made in history and, therefore, between unity and dispersion: it refers to the positions of the subject, what is known as “identities of position”, and its filiations to the inter-discourses. The theoretical support is based on authors such as Dominique Maingueneau, Roberto DaMatta, Karina Kuschnir and Max Weber who also contribute with pertinent considerations about the concept of political identity.
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Contemporary visual poetry remains as hybrid and experimental an artistic modality as it was in the 20th century, with a continued emphasis on mixing temporal and spatial elements in a dynamic verbal–sound–visual structure. These essential aspects and techniques, still at work today, which originated in simple pattern poems from earlier centuries, reached their peak of sophistication with the Concretists and Neoconcretists. Today, however, intermedia practices have a tendency to focus more on certain aspects of our technoculture that resonate with an ‘altered’ mode of perception, keen on exploring uncharted territories through the newest technologies and the speed of information. To illustrate this attraction to the functional use of technologies, I have selected two representative artists, Bartolome Ferrando and Eduardo Kac. Their radically different lines of work and artistic intentions reflect, nonetheless, a similar conception of poems as (bio)dynamic objects, existing as living art within a continuum of possibilities. Ferrando is more interested in exploring the possibilities of condensing movement in a 2-D or 3-D surface, whereas Kac wants his poetic performances to interfere with the essentials of life itself. These authors prioritize the importance of non-linear sequencing with the organization of multiple levels of information in micro-units of space-time in order to manipulate the standard experiences and expectations of readers.
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Uno de los rasgos que signan la identidad caribeña se corresponde, sin lugar a dudas, con un área expresiva tan intensa y extensa como la de la música popular bailable. Durante mucho tiempo relegada a planos secundarios por los estudios culturológicos, su investigación ha ido ganando terreno e importancia, ya que adentrarse en su conocimiento presupone el hacerlo en la cultura de los hombres que viven en esta área geográfica y su interacción con el mundo.
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Se retoman algunas líneas que permitan explicar la manera en que se introduce en la literatura mexicana la perspectiva maldita o decadentista. Propuesta de un arte inmoral, con la vocación de cuestionar al burgués. Temas del erotismo en la literatura mexicana. Influencia de Baudelaire, RImbaud y Nietzsche en la literatura mexicana del modernismo y la vanguardia.
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En su tratado de poética, Horacio afirmaba que la literatura debía ser dulce y útil. Cientos de años después, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, George Bataille escribe: la literatura “no puede ser útil porque es la expresión del hombre ―de la parte esencial del hombre― y lo esencial en el hombre no es reductible a la utilidad”. Utilidad y literatura son excluyentes. Ya no se escribe para servir a los semejantes sino para “revelar a la soledad de todos una parte intangible que nadie someterá nunca”. El escritor debe ejercer su libertad, lo cual significa dejar atrás el servilismo. Este ejercicio a menudo lo destruye, pero eso lo hace más fuerte. Para este escritor francés, la literatura debe expresar la esencia humana porque, de lo contrario, no es literatura y una de las expresiones de esta esencia, la expresión soberana, dice el autor, es el mal, una forma del mal, que no supone la ausencia de moral sino que exige una hipermoral.
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Prólogo Capítulo I: Testimoniar en oxímoron (El caso César Vallejo) Capítulo II: Testimoniar sin lengua (El caso Alejandra Pizarnik) Capítulo III: Testimoniar sin metáfora (Los casos Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta, Roberta Iannamico). *** Testimoniar en oxímoron, testimoniar sin lengua, testimoniar sin metáfora. Con estas tres fórmulas, Tamara Kamenszain bordea lo dicho por la poesía en los casos César Vallejo, Alejandra Pizarnik, Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta y Roberta Iannamico. El testimonio no es prueba de la realidad sino en todo caso una muestra de vida. La poesía como testimonio mantiene viva la posibilidad de decir. Poniendo los saberes en falta, la poesía dice, da cuenta de la realidad, pero sin que esto signifique apelar a los realismos. En la imposibilidad indecible de todo testimonio, allí la poesía encuentra su boca. En este marco, los ensayos de Kamenszain registran una nueva lectura, tejen otros textos: el Vallejo de España, aparta de mí este cáliz pone en fecha los hechos, recibe en el propio aliento la boca del otro, mata la muerte. Y así como Vallejo deja entrar lo que de vida hay en la muerte, Pizarnik tramita lo que de muerte hay en la vida, en el punto de cese de la lengua que habla en sus últimos libros. Intentando despegar la escritura poética de su herramienta retórica por excelencia, la metáfora, los nuevos poetas buscan pinchar el efecto de show de la realidad. El realismo atolondrado en Cucurto, la búsqueda de lo real en Gambarotta, y el uso en Iannamico son modos de poner al poema en circulación, justo antes de que la ‘literatura’ se extinga. Precisa, lúcida y emotiva, la mirada de Kamenszain renueva las lecturas de dos grandes poetas de la poesía latinoamericana y descubre modos posibles de leer a las nuevas generaciones de la poesía argentina.
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A pesar de los muchos artículos disperso que oportunamente se ocuparon de reflejar aspectos de la producción poética argentina de las últimas décadas, prácticamente no existen libros que hayan intentado plantear una visión más o menos ordenada de ese conjunto vastísimo y heterogéneo que le ha ofrecido a los lectores muchas más novedades que la prosa en el mismo período. Este libro constituye un esfuerzo en esa dirección.
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