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This working paper will unfold the methodological design of the PhD research project, Behind The Murals – A Participative Webdocu on the Motivations and the Reclamations of Street Art, with a focus on the incident when BLU repainted his murals at Berlin’s Cuvrybrache completely black. In contrast to BLU’s strategy – to erase his art so that it can no longer be made profitable by the investor of the lot or even by Berlin’s city marketing – I aim to investigate what other strategies against the reclamation of street art are imaginable. The main methodological question is, how is it possible to carry out this research in such a way that its results support the communities (potentially) affected by gentrification/touristification to gain a voice? The experimental methods of participatory video and digital storytelling will be applied with the target of producing a participative webdocu accompanied by a locally exhibited video installation.

En el presente estudio se pretende reflexionar sobre algunas de las principales características de expresiones poéticas actuales en el espacio público que procuran intervenir en la realidad social y política. Se pretende realizar una breve aproximación teórica a las nociones interrelacionadas de lo poético (no lírico) y de la poeticidad en el espacio público, sobre todo a partir de formas poéticas efímeras como lo son el grafiti o la performance. El marco teórico-metodológico se apoya en tres ámbitos, considerados fundamentales para abordar el tema: la poesía no lírica colocada en un contexto ontológico (Heidegger), la hermenéutica de la poesía como traducción (a partir de Heidegger, Benjamin y Leyte) y la relación entre el espacio público y la traducción (a partir de Habermas, Bhabha, Spivak y Butler). Se argumentará que el espacio público hoy en día perdió su estatus de autonomía política, que es menos un lugar del (inter)cambio político que de la subversión cultural. Se relaciona la idea del tercer espacio (Bhabha) con la idea de la poesía actual como un tránsito-traducción, como una vía de transformación de las circunstancias. En este espacio público, algunas expresiones poéticas funcionan como una traducción entre la subversión cultural postmoderna o postcolonial y la tradicional política de poder y se considera que en la actualidad lo poético está todavía estrechamente relacionado con el clásico acto de emancipación del sujeto a través de la auto-reflexión (Habermas). Esta circunstancia se relaciona con el sentido que Judith Butler asignó al concepto de la universalidad: el de una traducción a través de las fronteras, de una traducción cultural que representaría el retorno de lo excluido. Los ejemplos poéticos propuestos para ilustrar esta exposición teórica proceden de ámbitos culturales diversos y se centrarán en el carácter urbano, transmedial y político del grafiti, de la instalación (Banksy, ±MaisMenos±,Camilla Watson, Batania Neorrabioso) y de los objetos poéticos (Augusto de Campos y Helmut Seethaler).

Este volumen nace con el propósito de producir conocimiento crítico sobre las prácticas poéticas en el espacio público, sus funciones y su eficacia dentro de éste. A la inestabilidad funcional de la poesía y lo lírico en la actualidad se une la noción de espacio público, entendida tanto desde su vertiente conceptual, filosófica y social, como desde su vertiente material, física, ligada a la (re)presentación escénica. Espacios, sujetos e instituciones se redefinen de la mano de esta combinación. Así, la inclusión de la espacialidad en una teoría poética actualizada, la constitución de nuevos sujetos y subjetividades y la identificación de públicos y prácticas en torno a los conceptos de performatividad e intervención constituyen los vectores fundamentales de este libro. Sin acotación de ningún tipo en términos lingüísticos, nacionales o interartísticos, los trabajos aquí recogidos se reparten entre lo teórico-crítico y metodológico, los estudios de caso y las reflexiones en primera persona, teniendo como objetivo último la valoración de la incidencia de la poesía en el espacio público y sus efectos socio-políticos.

El estudio de prácticas poéticas surgidas de experiencias políticas antagonistas o, en general, vinculadas a los movimientos sociales, muestra la existencia de productos literarios que incorporan modelos, criterios y habitus (Bourdieu, 1992) propios de campos sociales no específicamente literarios. En ese marco puede ser analizada la poesía de Patricia Heras –activista queer de base, escritora inédita y artista ocasional–, que fue víctima de un montaje policial (el conocido como Caso 4F) y de un sistema represivo que la llevaron al suicidio en abril de 2011. Dado que fueron su implicación en el caso y su muerte los factores que desencadenaron la salida a la luz de sus textos literarios (poemas, guiones, diarios y narraciones), primero en el blog Poeta muerta (Putas cárceles de papel) y posteriormente en el libro Poeta muerta (Heras, 2014) este artículo desarrolla determinadas propuestas metodológicas que permiten estudiar los vínculos entre creación poética, antagonismo político y marginalidad social. La tensión público-privado en obras relacionadas con experiencias reivindicativas, los horizontes de eficacia sociopolítica previstos para textos y procesos de este tipo, o los repertorios (Even-Zohar, 1997) y criterios de reconocimiento activados en el caso de Patricia Heras son algunos de los aspectos que merecen un estudio específico.

En 1990, Llorenç Barber explicaba nun programa de televisión, Sitio Distinto, como todos os seres humanos levamos un campanario na nosa memoria. O conxunto de badaladas que se produce no noso sistema neuronal e social fai que a vida teña sentido, que teña musicalidade. Porén, o conxunto de badaladas poden derivar nun ruído que deriva en confusión. Isto mesmo é extensible na hora de realizar exercicios memorísticos. Ás veces é o ruído o que non nos permite chegar a un produto que non figura no canon ou tamén nos imposibilita a manexar coa maior autonomía conceptos, ideas ou textos dende os postulados que os orixinan. Isto último é o que pretendemos acometer neste artigo. Escollemos facer memoria dun pasado moi próximo, pero á vez moi afastado por descoñecemento. Para tal finalidade, focalizamos un produto pluridisciplinario: o programa Sitio Distinto, dirixido por Antón Reixa e emitido pola Televisión de Galicia (TVG) en 1990. Con el, contemplamos atinxir dous obxectivos. O primeiro é o de describir e dar a coñecer un produto cultural que define un habitus (Bourdieu, 1992) que se desenvolveu na praxe artística do campo entre a Transición política do franquismo á democracia e o seu asentamento nos anos oitenta.

Més que no pas d’incidència, m’ha sortit de parlar de dissidència, ja que la incidència ha de respondre en primer lloc a una manera de ser, de fer i de situar-se en el món. I començaré, per citar una frase del nostre company de llibre, en Márcio-André, que ve en relació al que és per mi un artista. Sempre dic que un artista ho és perquè no sap fer una altra cosa (o no vol, o renega de fer-ho). I vet aquí el que Márcio-André respon pel que fa a això, en una entrevista que es fa a ell mateix, i la seva resposta, la subscric.

La Realtà Aumentata è una nuova forma di comunicazione sempre più diffusa che permette di sovrapporre contenuti digitali, resi visibili attraverso la videocamera di dispositivi mobile come smartphone o tablet, al mondo reale. Il volume vuole essere uno strumento d'informazione per conoscere la nuova frontiera della comunicazione digitale basata sulla georeferenziazione e sui contenuti aumentati. Fino ad oggi, infatti, l'informazione stava altrove rispetto ai luoghi e ai tempi in cui effettivamente era necessaria. Con la nuova tecnologia dell'Augmented Reality, al contrario, è possibile mettere in atto strategie di comunicazione in grado di portare i contenuti giusti al momento e nel luogo opportuno. Nelle aree ormai più varie, dalla formazione alla sanità, dagli spazi commerciali ai beni culturali, si racconta attraverso le esperienze internazionali più significative come le nuove Realtà Aumentate stanno riscrivendo le modalità di ibridazione fra reale e virtuale.

First of all, PICHACAO; is not graffiti. It is something distinct that only happens in Brazil. What a subversion is to sign the city with your own made-up name, especially a city that seems not to be projected for you? Lights, Ca...

Quale esperienza di parole e immagini ci attende quando azioniamo dispositivi in mezzo a collegamenti ipermediali, quando ci facciamo strada tra link, tag e trigger, se ci sporgiamo da finestre elettroniche o vestiamo i panni di un avatar? E in quali modi la percezione e l'immaginazione rispondono oggi al carattere, per così dire, "vivente" di installazioni e artefatti neomediali, alla connessione comunicativa permanente, e ancora allo scambio ambientale tra produzione e fruizione dell'oggetto tecno-artistico? Il volume interroga i nuovi media e le nuove esperienze estetiche e comunicative globali a partire dagli inediti destini riservati a parole e immagini dal momento in cui, abbandonando i tradizionali scambi e conflitti, si misurano all'interno dello stesso medium digitale. Con percorsi che interessano i passaggi di soglia tra diversi media (Caprara-Velonà, Silvestri), i territori della comunicazione interattiva, anche pubblicitaria e le nuove forme di lettura e scrittura richieste dalla parola-immagine elettronica (de Kerckhove, Diodato, Gensini). Con incursioni nella web art e nella scrittura drammatica digitale, tra narrazioni, archivi, inventari e attori "sintetici" (Pizzo, Subrizi) e infine con le testimonianze di esponenti di spicco del panorama artistico, multimediale e comunicativo contemporaneo (Baruchello, Campus, Rosa/Studio Azzurro).

After centuries of symbolic and political oppression, Galicia has been recognized by the Spanish constitution as a historic nationality. However, despite a certain degree of political autonomy, Galician identity is threatened by increasing homogenization in the economic, social, cultural and linguistic fields. In the early 1990s the aesthetic movement Bravú constructed an aesthetic community, sustained by an ideological project, and with the aim to, on the one hand, prevent Galician culture from becoming folklore stuck in a time warp and, on the other hand, to validate Galician identity. The Bravú artists refused the historically inherited outsider position and contributed to a reinvention of Galician identity and of a political ideal within a cosmopolitan, internationalist framework and by reversing social stigmas through their works and performances.

Centred around Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, this paper employs a critical globalisation theory framework to argue that the 1990s notion of ‘changing the world from below', understood as resistance to capitalist globalisation through a ‘transnational civil society', requires re-theorisation in the light of the contemporary developments in Our America. I make a methodological case for a neo-Gramscian approach to argue that ‘counter-hegemony', together with an adequate theorisation of the state and power, should be the preferred concept over the inherently apolitical and under-theorised ‘alter-globalisation'. Whilst the alter-globalisation movement's ideational and normative challenges to hegemony (captured in ex-British prime minister Thatcher's There-Is-No-Alternative-Doctrine, TINA) are undisputed, the transformation of the global geographies of power through local actors alone has remained illusory. Rather, the experience of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples' Trade Agreement (ALBA-PTA) strongly suggests that counter-hegemonic globalisation theory will have to consider the roles of both the ‘state-in-revolution' and the ‘transnational organised society'. This will be shown through the analysis and theorisation of the ALBA-PTA as a multi dimensional inter and transnational counter-hegemonic regionalisation and globalisation project that operates across a range of sectors and scales.

The concept of ‘resistance' has turned into a critical tool in different areas of political, philosophical and sociological thought. At the same time, the notion seems to be as productive as it is diffuse. ‘Resistance' is used in very specific contexts in scientific or technical disciplines, and with extreme flexibility in social and cultural studies. In the latter two areas, the concept is often used without prior reflection on its characteristics and limitations. In What is Philosophy?, Deleuze provides a possible framework for conceiving cultural and political practices of resistance as positions of force, when he defines contraction as ‘a contemplation that preserves the preceding in the following'. The purpose of this article is to understand political ecologism in its activist and poetical dimensions, in light of a Deleuzian interpretation of resistance.

Professionalization and political engagement are usually placed as incompatible in the case of journalism and the mainstream press, resulting in an identification of cultural resistance exclusively with alternative/amateur vehicles. I will use the concept of journalistic field as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to review these assumptions and discuss a form of political resistance that acts in one's own area of knowledge, is not overtly political and whose effects are not immediately accountable for. Drawing examples from my research on two literary newspapers published in the 1950s in Brazil and Uruguay, this paper will focus on the implications of didacticism for literary criticism as a genre of newswriting. The analysis of these newspapers will lead to a reflection on two main issues: a) the conflict between the professionalization and democratization of literature; and b) the definition of resistance as necessarily an action that is against something. The article will reconsider education in journalism as a form of resistance, taking into account its risks of becoming political indoctrination and commercial manipulation, but emphasizing its potential as a way of expanding access to literature.

This article offers a pragmatic and relational analysis of the controversial heuristic of cultural resistance and presents some of the problems that affect the production and distribution of the poetic discourses of resistance and emancipation. To that end, it focuses on the incorporation of the historicity and the historic contingency of conflict as key elements of the subjectification constituted by the poem of resistance as “poem for the political”. It also explores the applicability of certain notions common to the contemporary critical tradition, as developed by scholars such as Badiou, Mouffe, Rancière, Bal and Žižek.

The poetic space, as I see it, is a space of resistance. Resistance against the media which do not need poetry. Communication among poets is a go-between, a web of messages, performances and presentations, the circulation of books and digital materials. These activities are political, functioning as politics in the Greek sense: discussion in a public arena, exchanges of opinion and criticism, interventions, concerted decisions, group projects, a net of relationships around the production of texts, articulating versions and diversions of language. These activities and exchanges give the participants a sense of fulfillment. In this sense to pass is to think, to question a certain regime, to marvel that it is still there, to wonder what makes it possible, going into its enclaves, looking for traces of the movements which formed it and discovering in those stories apparently in ashes, how to think, how to live otherwise.

In this article, I analyze the notions of sequentiality and simultaneity in Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction novel The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia (1974). I extrapolate this analysis to the contrasting epistemic sensibilities surrounding the concepts of ‘revolution' and ‘resistance' respectively. I am particularly concerned with the role these concepts play in contemporary academic production in the humanities. My aim is to understand the implications of the different conceptions of time and representation associated with each of those two concepts, and what their actual ideological operativity is in the context of the present status quo.

The following text provides a conceptual and theoretical introduction to a collection of essays written by members of the multidisciplinary network of scholars, artists and cultural producers named ‘Poetics of Resistance', which seeks to analyse and encourage discussion of the relationships between creativity, culture and political resistance, in the context of neoliberal globalization. The introduction also provides a critical glossary of a set of loosely interlinking keywords, following Raymond Williams, that mark points of encounter and departure between the approaches of the various authors (not to be confused with the list of keywords used to index each article). Rather than presenting a completed research project, this issue serves as a basis for continuing collaborative research and dialogue in the field, and invites readers to join in the ongoing debate. The contributors to this issue are Paulina Aroch Fugellie, Burghard Baltrusch, Arturo Casas, Marí­a do Cebreiro Rábade Villar, Roberto Echavarren, Marcos Giadas Conde, Cornelia Gräbner, Nathalia Jabur, Thomas Muhr and David Wood.

This essay is a brief study of translation as a practice of aesthetic resistance seen from a historical and philosophical perspective. Translation is perceived as the process of transition and negotiation within the ‘third space' between various different hybrid cultural contexts and their discursive constraints, and referred to as ‘paratranslation'. It summarises the first attempts to think of translation as an almost ‘holistic' paradigm and the aesthetics of intervention from Romantic philosophy onwards. It attempts to show how Walter Benjamin's master narrative, the utopia of ‘pure language', encourages continuous resistance to the totalitarianism of the idea of the ‘original', to aesthetics (within the sense of the perception of the real) and to dominant discourses. It subsequently defines the idea of ‘progress', which considers translation as aesthetic resistance, as a process of construction in constant deconstruction. It concludes by exemplifying the notion of translation as a paradigm of intervention in modernity with a brief analysis of the transcreation performed by Erin Mouré on Fernando Pessoa/Alberto Caeiro's poetic cycle, O Guardador de Rebanhos (The Keeper of Sheep).

Leggerezza, Rapidità, Esattezza, Visibilità, Molteplicità e Consistenza sono i sei valori - le sei qualità o specificità - al centro delle Lezioni americane, l'ultima opera, rimasta incompleta, di Italo Calvino. Letti con gli occhi di oggi, questi sei promemoria, o "proposte non solo letterarie", si scoprono appartenere a quella nuova sensibilità culturale e sociale emersa sul finire del XX secolo in concomitanza con una evoluzione del sistema dei media, accelerata dalla convergenza tra le tecnologie digitali e le reti di comunicazione. Attraverso una serie di suggestive corrispondenze, lo spirito delle sei Lezioni assume la forma di una inedita trama interpretativa, adatta a sondare le componenti sensibili dell'attuale universo dell'arte e dei media, e delineare luci e ombre dell'esperienza estetica nei fatti artistici e tecnologici del nostro tempo, schiuso sull'orizzonte postmoderno. Riportando il discorso estetico al suo etimo, all'insieme eterogeneo dei fatti materiali e culturali che incidono sulla sfera sensoriale e intellettiva, i nuovi media appaiono per ciò che sono: processi di mediazione col mondo, meccanismi di formazione e di estetizzazione dell'esperienza. L'ambito dell'estetica e quello dei media si ritrovano perciò ad agire all'interno di un progetto unitario, edificati l'uno sul risvolto dell'altro.

Nel profondo mutamento culturale che coinvolge la crisi della scrittura, lo scenario che si prospetta nel nostro immediato futuro è caratterizzato dalla rapida evoluzione delle nuove tecnologie, dalla frammentazione del sapere, dalla perdita di memoria, dall'eccesso d'informazione, dalla prevalenza dell'individuo e, in ultima analisi, dalla spettacolarizzazione della cultura. Il volume si propone di affrontare, sotto il profilo sociologico, l'evoluzione in atto in seguito alla de-massificazione, caratterizzata dall'emergere di "moltitudini" globalizzate, da un sapere sempre meno alfabetizzato e dal prevalere della parola come spettacolo nelle nuove "società digitali". La tesi di fondo è che non si tratti di un fenomeno occasionale, ma della conseguenza di un lungo processo legato all'ascesa e alla caduta del logocentrismo, che è necessario ripercorre nei suoi tratti essenziali per comprendere appieno l'oggi e le tendenze di domani.